This is a pair of Chinese lady’s shoes for bound feet. They are very small as the ideal length for a bound foot was seven and a half centimeters. Shoes for bound feet were called foot-binding shoes and lotus slippers in many non-Chinese communities. They are referred to by a variety of names in China and Chinese literature. These include gongxie (arched shoes), xiuxie (embroidered slippers), jin lian (gilded lilies) and san cun jin lian (three inch golden lily/lotus).
Object description: These are lotus shoes with a triangular sole. They are made of bright red and blue cotton and cream silk. Elaborate designs of dragons and flowers are embroidered on the silk. The blue panel at the top has white and green satin stitching along its length. The heel is covered in green fabric. History:
Foot binding was a custom practiced in China and occurred during the Song Dynasty ( 960-1279 AD), over a thousand years ago. Small feet were greatly admired in China. To ensure that a young girl’s feet did not grow, her feet were usually bound after she was four years old. It was done with a stout bandage, the bandage being tightened daily after removal. The bound foot never ceased to cause pain while the woman walked. In 1911 this practice was banned by the Chinese government.
Photo by Queensland Museum ➚, available under a Creative Commons license ➚.
The nature of the Chinese language lends itself to proverbs and idioms. Just a few characters in Chinese can quickly convey a complex thought. Proverbs and sayings are a tasking study as their origins are difficult to trace; some go back thousands of years and are mentioned in ancient classics such as the Yi Jing and the Dao De Jing .
Many proverbs relate to specific incidents in Chinese history, we have chosen to exclude many of these as they are hard for non-Chinese people to understand without considerable historical context; instead we have chosen proverbs and sayings that give an insight into Chinese culture and traditions.
Translating Chinese proverbs into English is not an easy task. Sometimes there is no similar meaning in English and so a translation may seem contrived. If you can help improve our efforts please let us know.
Chinese proverbs are broadly categorized as either 谚语 yàn yǔ (proverbs or ‘familiar saying’) or 成语 chéng yǔ (meaning ‘become language’ usually translated as ‘idiom’ or ‘accepted saying’). The standard form of Chengyu is made up of four characters and there are thousands of them, one for every possible situation. They are written in classical Chinese where often one character takes the place of two or more in modern Chinese. There are also the 俗语 Sú yǔ which are popular sayings and the 歇后语 Xiē hòu yǔ which are two-part allegorical sayings that are pretty hard to translate. In the first part of a xiehouyu the situation is described and the second gives the underlying truth, so in English there is the similar ‘a bird in the hand – is worth two in the bush’ construction. Often only the first part needs to be said as the second part is implied. Puns are often used in xiehouyu adding to the difficulty of translation.
Here are a few random idioms to give a flavor of the hundreds on this site. The proverbs are grouped according to theme; the same proverb may appear under several categories. Click on this bar to view the extensive group of proverbs.
Alternatively, you can find a proverb by looking through our Chinese pinyin index. As there are so many these are split into separate pages:
There are so few visitors that the door could be used to catch birds. Having very few visitors.
为富不仁[為富不仁]
Wéi fù bù rén
Have riches but not be generous
Be rich but heartless.
胸有成竹
Xiōng yǒu chéng zhú
Keeping the appearance of bamboo in mind
To be able to paint bamboo (or anything else), you have to have a mental image of how it looks. An admonishment to plan ahead carefully and acquire the skill to carry it out.
Roughly equivalent to: Forewarned is forearmed.
多多益善
Duō duō yì shàn
The more, the better
Safety in numbers. Wanting to invite as many people as possible to improve chances of success.
Roughly equivalent to: Many hands make light work.
A drastic action may unintentionally affect other people. Show consideration for all.
走官发财 [走官發財]
Zǒu guān fā cái
Become a government official in order to become rich
Attain riches by work in government.
We also have an index of the Chinese idioms based on similarly meaning English language proverbs. So you can, for example, find the Chinese equivalent of ‘Many hands make light work’:
Our proverbs come with full information. The modern Chinese characters are given first with links that give information on the character. As proverbs are so old you will often see them written using the traditional form of characters; so if some of the characters have been simplified the traditional form is shown in brackets and gray text. The characters are followed by the proverb (normally a 成语 chéng yǔ) in pinyin. Next, there is a crude character by character transliteration into English, followed by a more accurate English translation. If this is a Chinese proverb alluding to history the meaning may still not be clear in English, so the following notes give an explanation. Finally some proverbs have fairly direct English equivalents, and if so the English proverb is shown.
For background on the types and history of proverbs please see our guide.
See also
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